TOEFLで使われる語彙
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1. abandon
- Japanese: 放棄する (ほうきする)
- Definition: To leave something or someone, usually permanently.
- Example: The project was abandoned due to lack of funding.
2. abstract
- Japanese: 抽象的な (ちゅうしょうてきな)
- Definition: Existing in thought or as an idea but not having a physical or concrete existence.
- Example: The concept of beauty is abstract and can vary greatly between individuals.
3. accommodate
- Japanese: 収容する (しゅうようする)
- Definition: To provide lodging or sufficient space for.
- Example: The hotel can accommodate up to 200 guests for the conference.
4. accurate
- Japanese: 正確な (せいかくな)
- Definition: Correct in all details; exact.
- Example: The scientist made accurate measurements during the experiment.
5. adhere
- Japanese: 固執する (こしつする)
- Definition: To stick firmly to something, such as a belief or principle.
- Example: The team adhered to the deadline despite facing challenges.
6. aggregate
- Japanese: 集計する (しゅうけいする)
- Definition: To gather or accumulate into a whole; total.
- Example: The report presents the aggregate data collected from surveys conducted nationwide.
7. albeit
- Japanese: たとえ・・・であっても
- Definition: Although; even though.
- Example: He decided to take the job offer, albeit with some reservations.
8. analogous
- Japanese: 類似した (るいじした)
- Definition: Comparable in certain respects, typically in a way that makes clearer the nature of the things compared.
- Example: The behavior of ants is analogous to that of humans in certain social situations.
9. anticipate
- Japanese: 予測する (よそくする)
- Definition: To regard as probable; expect or predict.
- Example: Investors anticipate an increase in stock prices after the company's latest announcement.
10. arbitrary
- Japanese: 恣意的な (しいてきな)
- Definition: Based on random choice or personal whim, rather than any reason or system.
- Example: The selection process seemed arbitrary, as there were no clear criteria for choosing the winners.
11. aspect
- Japanese: 側面 (そくめん)
- Definition: A particular part or feature of something.
- Example: The project has many aspects that need to be considered.
12. assemble
- Japanese: 組み立てる (くみたてる)
- Definition: To fit together the separate component parts of something.
- Example: The team will assemble the furniture according to the instructions.
13. assess
- Japanese: 評価する (ひょうかする)
- Definition: To evaluate or estimate the nature, ability, or quality of something.
- Example: Teachers assess students' progress through regular tests and assignments.
14. assign
- Japanese: 割り当てる (わりあてる)
- Definition: To allocate or designate something for a specific purpose.
- Example: The manager will assign tasks to each team member.
15. assist
- Japanese: 援助する (えんじょする)
- Definition: To help or aid someone in doing something.
- Example: Volunteers assist with distributing food to the homeless.
16. assume
- Japanese: 仮定する (かていする)
- Definition: To suppose to be the case, without proof.
- Example: Let's assume that the meeting will start at 9:00 AM.
17. attain
- Japanese: 達成する (たっせいする)
- Definition: To achieve or reach something, especially after a lot of effort.
- Example: He worked hard to attain his goal of becoming a doctor.
18. attribute
- Japanese: 特性 (とくせい)
- Definition: A quality or feature regarded as a characteristic or inherent part of someone or something.
- Example: One of her best attributes is her ability to remain calm under pressure.
19. author
- Japanese: 著者 (ちょしゃ)
- Definition: The writer of a book, article, or report.
- Example: The author of the novel won several literary awards.
20. bias
- Japanese: 偏見 (へんけん)
- Definition: Prejudice in favor of or against one thing, person, or group compared with another, usually in a way considered to be unfair.
- Example: The study aimed to minimize bias by using a diverse sample population.
21. bulk
- Japanese: 大部分 (だいぶぶん)
- Definition: The mass or magnitude, especially when great.
- Example: The bulk of the work was completed before the deadline.
22. coincide
- Japanese: 一致する (いっちする)
- Definition: Occur at or during the same time.
- Example: The timing of the meeting coincided with her vacation, so she couldn't attend.
23. commence
- Japanese: 始まる (はじまる)
- Definition: Begin; start.
- Example: The event will commence with an opening ceremony.
24. commodity
- Japanese: 商品 (しょうひん)
- Definition: A raw material or primary agricultural product that can be bought and sold, such as copper or coffee.
- Example: Oil is a valuable commodity traded on the global market.
25. complement
- Japanese: 補完する (ほかんする)
- Definition: Add to something in a way that enhances or improves it; make perfect.
- Example: The new furniture perfectly complements the style of the room.
26. comprise
- Japanese: 構成する (こうせいする)
- Definition: Be (a part) of a whole.
- Example: These factors comprise the main reasons for the decline in sales.
27. compute
- Japanese: 計算する (けいさんする)
- Definition: To calculate or determine by mathematical methods.
- Example: The computer can compute complex equations quickly.
28. conceive
- Japanese: 想像する (そうぞうする)
- Definition: To form or devise a plan or idea in the mind.
- Example: She conceived a brilliant strategy to increase sales.
29. concentrate
- Japanese: 集中する (しゅうちゅうする)
- Definition: To focus all one's attention or mental effort on a particular task or activity.
- Example: It's important to concentrate during exams to perform well.
30. conclude
- Japanese: 結論する (けつろんする)
- Definition: To bring to an end; finish; terminate.
- Example: The meeting concluded with a vote on the proposed changes.
31. concurrent
- Japanese: 並行している (へいこうしている)
- Definition: Existing, happening, or done at the same time.
- Example: The two events are concurrent and may cause scheduling conflicts.
32. confine
- Japanese: 制限する (せいげんする)
- Definition: Keep within limits; restrict.
- Example: The patient was confined to bed rest until he recovered.
33. consent
- Japanese: 同意 (どうい)
- Definition: Permission for something to happen or agreement to do something.
- Example: Participants must provide consent before participating in the study.
34. constrain
- Japanese: 制約する (せいやくする)
- Definition: Severely restrict the scope, extent, or activity of.
- Example: Budget constraints limited the company's expansion plans.
35. constitute
- Japanese: 構成する (こうせいする)
- Definition: Be (a part) of a whole.
- Example: These factors constitute the main reasons for the decline in sales.
36. convene
- Japanese: 集まる (あつまる)
- Definition: Come or bring together for a meeting or activity; assemble.
- Example: The board of directors will convene next week to discuss the company's strategy.
37. convey
- Japanese: 伝える (つたえる)
- Definition: To communicate or make known.
- Example: He used gestures to convey his message to the audience.
38. crucial
- Japanese: 重要な (じゅうような)
- Definition: Decisive or critical, especially in the success or failure of something.
- Example: Effective communication is crucial in building strong relationships.
39. deduce
- Japanese: 推測する (すいそくする)
- Definition: To reach a conclusion by reasoning; infer from a general principle.
- Example: From the evidence presented, we can deduce that the suspect was at the scene of the crime.
40. denote
- Japanese: 示す (しめす)
- Definition: Be a sign of; indicate.
- Example: The symbol denoted the location of the treasure on the map.
41. deploy
- Japanese: 配備する (はいびする)
- Definition: Move (troops) into position for military action.
- Example: The army was deployed to the border in response to the threat.
42. detect
- Japanese: 検出する (けんしゅつする)
- Definition: Discover or identify the presence or existence of.
- Example: The device is able to detect even the slightest changes in temperature.
43. deviate
- Japanese: 逸脱する (いつだつする)
- Definition: Depart from an established course.
- Example: The plane deviated from its flight path due to bad weather.
44. diminish
- Japanese: 減少する (げんしょうする)
- Definition: Make or become less.
- Example: The intensity of the storm began to diminish as it moved away from the coast.
45. discriminate
- Japanese: 差別する (さべつする)
- Definition: Recognize a distinction; differentiate.
- Example: It is illegal to discriminate against employees based on their race or gender.
46. distort
- Japanese: 歪める (ひずめる)
- Definition: Pull or twist out of shape; give a misleading or false account or impression of.
- Example: The funhouse mirrors distort the reflection of your image.
47. distribute
- Japanese: 分配する (ぶんぱいする)
- Definition: Give shares of (something); deal out.
- Example: The charity distributed food and clothing to those in need.
48. draft
- Japanese: 草案 (そうあん)
- Definition: A preliminary version of a piece of writing.
- Example: The author completed the first draft of the novel.
49. eject
- Japanese: 追い出す (おいだす)
- Definition: Force or throw (something) out, typically in a violent or sudden way.
- Example: The pilot had to eject from the aircraft before it crashed.
50. enable
- Japanese: 可能にする (かのうにする)
- Definition: Give (someone or something) the authority or means to do something.
- Example: Technology has enabled us to communicate instantly with people around the world.
51. enforce
- Japanese: 施行する (しこうする)
- Definition: Compel observance of or compliance with (a law, rule, or obligation).
- Example: The police are responsible for enforcing the law and maintaining public order.
52. enhance
- Japanese: 強化する (きょうかする)
- Definition: Intensify, increase, or further improve the quality, value, or extent of.
- Example: Adding spices can enhance the flavor of a dish.
53. envisage
- Japanese: 想像する (そうぞうする)
- Definition: Contemplate or conceive of as a possibility or a desirable future event.
- Example: The architect envisaged a modern, eco-friendly building for the city center.
54. equip
- Japanese: 備え付ける (そなえつける)
- Definition: Supply with the necessary items for a particular purpose.
- Example: The school is equipped with state-of-the-art technology.
55. eradicate
- Japanese: 根絶する (こんぜつする)
- Definition: Destroy completely; put an end to.
- Example: The goal of the vaccination program is to eradicate infectious diseases.
56. evolve
- Japanese: 進化する (しんかする)
- Definition: Develop gradually, especially from a simple to a more complex form.
- Example: Over time, plants and animals evolve in response to changes in their environment.
57. exceed
- Japanese: を超える (をこえる)
- Definition: Be greater in number or size than.
- Example: The temperature exceeded 100 degrees Fahrenheit.
58. exclude
- Japanese: 排除する (はいじょする)
- Definition: Deny access to or bar (someone) from a place, group, or privilege.
- Example: The club excludes members who do not adhere to its rules.
59. exhibit
- Japanese: 展示する (てんじする)
- Definition: Show something for others to see.
- Example: The museum exhibits a collection of ancient artifacts.
60. exploit
- Japanese: 悪用する (あくようする)
- Definition: Make full use of and derive benefit from (a resource).
- Example: The company was accused of exploiting its workers.
61. facilitate
- Japanese: 促進する (そくしんする)
- Definition: Make (an action or process) easy or easier.
- Example: The new software is designed to facilitate data analysis.
62. fluctuate
- Japanese: 変動する (へんどうする)
- Definition: Rise and fall irregularly in number or amount.
- Example: Prices for oil fluctuate depending on market demand.
63. formulate
- Japanese: 公式化する (こうしきかする)
- Definition: Create or devise methodically (a strategy or a proposal).
- Example: The committee formulated a plan to address the issue.
64. fuse
- Japanese: 融合する (ゆうごうする)
- Definition: Join or blend to form a single entity.
- Example: The two companies fused to create a larger corporation.
65. generate
- Japanese: 生み出す (うみだす)
- Definition: Produce or create.
- Example: Wind turbines generate electricity from the power of the wind.
66. grasp
- Japanese: 理解する (りかいする)
- Definition: Seize and hold firmly; understand.
- Example: It took me a while to grasp the concept.
67. guarantee
- Japanese: 保証する (ほしょうする)
- Definition: Provide a formal assurance or promise, especially that certain conditions will be fulfilled relating to a product, service, or transaction.
- Example: The company guarantees satisfaction or your money back.
68. hinder
- Japanese: 妨げる (さまたげる)
- Definition: Create difficulties for (someone or something), resulting in delay or obstruction.
- Example: Bad weather hindered progress on the construction project.
69. hypothesis
- Japanese: 仮説 (かせつ)
- Definition: A supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation.
- Example: The scientist tested his hypothesis through experiments.
70. implement
- Japanese: 実施する (じっしする)
- Definition: Put (a decision, plan, agreement, etc.) into effect.
- Example: The government plans to implement new policies to reduce pollution.
71. phenomenon
- Japanese: 現象 (げんしょう)
- Definition: Something that happens or exists in society, science, or nature, especially something that is studied because it is difficult to understand.
- Example: The Northern Lights are a natural phenomenon that amazes many people.
72. potential
- Japanese: 潜在的な (せんざいてきな)
- Definition: The possibility of something happening or being developed.
- Example: The student showed great potential for success in her chosen field.
73. predict
- Japanese: 予測する (よそくする)
- Definition: To say that something will happen in the future, especially something that is based on what you know now.
- Example: Meteorologists predict that there will be heavy rain tomorrow.
74. previous
- Japanese: 前の (まえの)
- Definition: Happening or existing before the one that you are talking about now.
- Example: In previous years, the company's profits have steadily increased.
75. primary
- Japanese: 主要な (しゅような)
- Definition: Most important.
- Example: The primary purpose of education is to prepare students for the future.
76. principle
- Japanese: 原理 (げんり)
- Definition: A basic idea or rule that explains how something happens or works.
- Example: Honesty is one of the guiding principles in his life.
77.
priority
- Japanese: 優先 (ゆうせん)
- Definition: Something that is very important and must be dealt with before other things.
- Example: Safety is our top priority in this project.
78. procedure
- Japanese: 手順 (てじゅん)
- Definition: A way of doing something, especially the correct or usual way.
- Example: Before surgery, the doctor explained the procedure to the patient.
79. process
- Japanese: プロセス
- Definition: A series of actions that you take in order to achieve a result.
- Example: The manufacturing process involves several stages.
80. prohibit
- Japanese: 禁止する (きんしする)
- Definition: To say that an action is illegal or not allowed.
- Example: Smoking is prohibited in most public buildings.
81. promote
- Japanese: 促進する (そくしんする)
- Definition: To help something to develop or increase.
- Example: The government wants to promote economic growth.
82. purchase
- Japanese: 購入 (こうにゅう)
- Definition: The act of buying something.
- Example: She made a purchase of a new car.
83. pursue
- Japanese: 追求する (ついきゅうする)
- Definition: To try to achieve something over a period of time.
- Example: He decided to pursue a career in medicine.
84. qualitatively
- Japanese: 質的に (しつてきに)
- Definition: In a way that relates to the quality or standard of something, rather than the quantity.
- Example: The company aims to improve its products qualitatively.
85. react
- Japanese: 反応する (はんのうする)
- Definition: To behave in a particular way because of something that has happened or because of a particular situation.
- Example: People reacted with shock to the news of the accident.
86. regulate
- Japanese: 規制する (きせいする)
- Definition: To control an activity or process, especially by rules.
- Example: The government regulates the sale of alcohol.
87. reinforce
- Japanese: 強化する (きょうかする)
- Definition: To make something stronger.
- Example: His behavior only reinforced my belief that he was guilty.
88. reject
- Japanese: 拒否する (きょひする)
- Definition: To refuse to accept, believe, or consider something.
- Example: The proposal was rejected by the board of directors.
89. relax
- Japanese: リラックスする
- Definition: To become or cause someone to become less active and more calm and happy.
- Example: After a long day at work, I like to relax with a good book.
90. release
- Japanese: 解放する (かいほうする)
- Definition: To set someone or something free, or to allow something to happen.
- Example: The police have released three people without charge.
91. resource
- Japanese: 資源 (しげん)
- Definition: A supply of something that can be used when it is needed.
- Example: Natural resources such as water and oil are essential for human survival.
92. restrict
- Japanese: 制限する (せいげんする)
- Definition: To limit or control something.
- Example: The government implemented new measures to restrict the use of plastic bags.
93. reveal
- Japanese: 明らかにする (あきらかにする)
- Definition: To make something known or visible.
- Example: The investigation revealed new evidence in the case.
94. reverse
- Japanese: 逆 (ぎゃく)
- Definition: To change the direction, order, position, result, etc. of something to its opposite.
- Example: The decision was reversed after further consideration.
95. schedule
- Japanese: 予定 (よてい)
- Definition: A plan that gives expected times for different things to happen.
- Example: Please check the schedule for updates on meeting times.
96. select
- Japanese: 選ぶ (えらぶ)
- Definition: To carefully choose someone or something as being the best or most suitable.
- Example: The committee will select the winner from a list of finalists.
97. simulate
- Japanese: シミュレートする
- Definition: To create a situation or experience that is very similar to real conditions.
- Example: Flight simulators are used to simulate flying conditions for pilot training.
98. specific
- Japanese: 具体的な (ぐたいてきな)
- Definition: Clearly defined or identified.
- Example: The instructions provided specific details on how to complete the task.
99. sufficient
- Japanese: 十分な (じゅうぶんな)
- Definition: Enough to meet the needs of a situation or a proposed end.
- Example: The available evidence was not sufficient to convict the suspect.
100. suspend
- Japanese: 一時停止する (いちじていしする)
- Definition: To temporarily prevent something from being active, used, or allowed.
- Example: The company suspended production due to a shortage of raw materials.
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